Identifying a Framework

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Discussion Prompt

In the lecture for the week, a theory was identified. “Knowledge as a component of the socio-cultural orientation basic conditioning factor enhances the prevention of hazards” is a theory from a major nursing framework.  Identify the framework and provide an example of how other applications of this theory may occur in nursing practice. For example, you may say that education may enhance the reduction of free-throw rugs in an elderly person’s home which will prevent falls.  Tie the concepts together by clearly defining them and how they could be measured. Find an instrument, survey, or tool in the literature that could be used to measure the concept. For example, if you are measuring pain, you might use the Faces Pain Scale-Revised, at the following link: https://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1519

 

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THE TASK 

MAKE A PEER RESPONSE OR REVIEW ON THE ESSAY BELOW

  • Length: A minimum of 150 words per post, not including references
  • Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA per post from within the last 5 years

Identifying a Framework

 

Theories must have frameworks in order to give validity to the main point or theory.    Theoretical frameworks are presented in a logical manner and represents concepts, variables and relationships related to the research study.   They also allow to clearly identify what is being examined, described or measured.   Included in these frameworks is literature and identifying a research question or questions while clearly defining the relationship between the concepts and theories.  (Heale, Noble 2019)  There has to be a clear concept of what is being examined or measured in order to provide evidence to support the theory.  

A major issue or dilemma in our society today is to whether get the Covid vaccine or not.  I am currently the clinical manager of the Covid unit and my theory would be that getting the Covid vaccine does save lives and reduces mortality rate.  There was a recent research done in Scotland and it was based on an analysis of 114,706 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection detected between April and September of 2021.  The study found that the Oxford-Astra Zeneca vaccine was 91% effective, Pfizer vaccine was 90% effective in the prevention of deaths. (Christie, 2021).   The research team analyzed the database to investigate the effectiveness of the vaccines.  A professor of public health in epidemiology Chris Robertson commented “This study shows the value of carrying out analyses of routine healthcare data available in real time and findings are encouraging in showing that the vaccine remains an effective measure in protecting both ourselves and others from death”. 

Working in the Covid Unit over the past 18 months we have seen how the vaccine does work and it is preventing many deaths.   Over the past 6 months the hospital has been keeping track on Covid patients to see if they are vaccinated or unvaccinated.  On the average 9 out of the 10 patients that come into the ER are not vaccinated.  Unfortunately we have seen that they often get admitted with mild symptoms but they slowly decline and unfortunately are passing away.   I have taken care of many patients that regretted not taking the vaccine and commented they would get it as soon as they recovered but unfortunately it was too late.   There are several studies out about Covid vaccines and how they prevent death but I have personally witnessed the efficiency of the Covid vaccine and booster vaccines. 

References

Heale, Roberta & Noble, Helen. Integration of a theoretical framework into your research study. http://dx.doiorg/10.1136ebnurs-2019-104077

Christie, Bryan. Covid-19: Vaccines are highly effective in preventing deaths from delta variant, study indicates.  The BMJ. October 21, 2021.  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2582

Identifying a Framework

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LECTURE: Components of Nursing Knowledge

It is impossible to fully explain nursing theory without referencing Jacqueline Fawcett at some point in the discussion.  Dr. Fawcett has contributed significantly to the science of nursing through the development of the Metaparadigm of Nursing, the identification of five components of nursing knowledge, and extensive study and explanation of nursing theory.  In 2005, Fawcett placed nursing knowledge components into a structural holarchy of

  • Metaparadigm
  • Philosophy
  • Conceptual Model
  • Theory
  • Empirical Indicator

This holarchy does not apply to just nursing knowledge but to the knowledge of any discipline.  Philosophies are world views of a discipline. While this level is an extensive thread guiding conceptual models, it is rarely expressed in research.  This week will concentrate on conceptual models and theories. Think of conceptual models as a framework with concepts clearly identified and general principles of their relationships expressed.  A theory is a very specific relationship between concepts within the model. The readings for this week go into theories, grand theories, frameworks in detail. We will explore the Metaparadigm of Nursing in a later module.

The end purpose of theory is to guide practice and research.  In order to conduct research, variables are used to statistically compare concepts.  Empirical Indicators are variables that very precisely measure concepts. For example, if your theory states “knowledge as a component of sociocultural orientation basic conditioning factor enhances prevention of hazards”, how will you measure research on this theory?  Empirical indicators specifically relate theory to research questions. In this case, your research may be comparing scores on a child passenger safety questionnaire with the number of errors in the installation of a vehicle child safety restraint. The score on the questionnaire and the number of errors are very clearly measurable indicators.  The proposition is that higher scores on the questionnaire will correlate with fewer errors in restraint installation. If this is found to be true, then there is support for the theory “knowledge as a component of sociocultural orientation basic conditioning factor enhances prevention of hazards”.

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THE TASK:

 

  • Length: A minimum of 250 words, not including references
  • Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA format from within the last 5 years

 

Discussion Prompt

In the lecture for the week, a theory was identified. “Knowledge as a component of the socio-cultural orientation basic conditioning factor enhances the prevention of hazards” is a theory from a major nursing framework.  Identify the framework and provide an example of how other applications of this theory may occur in nursing practice. For example, you may say that education may enhance the reduction of free-throw rugs in an elderly person’s home which will prevent falls.  Tie the concepts together by clearly defining them and how they could be measured. Find an instrument, survey, or tool in the literature that could be used to measure the concept. For example, if you are measuring pain, you might use the Faces Pain Scale-Revised, at the following link: https://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1519

Identifying a Framework

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INTRODUCTION

 

What’s In a Name?

There are frameworks, conceptual models, middle range theories, grand theories, and metaparadigms.  The differences may appear to be minor but from the perspective of using theories and conducting research, the differences are huge.  This module will explore the differences.

 

It is impossible to fully explain nursing theory without referencing Jacqueline Fawcett at some point in the discussion.  Dr. Fawcett has contributed significantly to the science of nursing through the development of the Metaparadigm of Nursing, the identification of five components of nursing knowledge, and extensive study and explanation of nursing theory.  In 2005, Fawcett placed nursing knowledge components into a structural holarchy of

  • Metaparadigm
  • Philosophy
  • Conceptual Model
  • Theory
  • Empirical Indicator

This holarchy does not apply to just nursing knowledge but to the knowledge of any discipline.  Philosophies are world views of a discipline. While this level is an extensive thread guiding conceptual models, it is rarely expressed in research.  This week will concentrate on conceptual models and theories. Think of conceptual models as a framework with concepts clearly identified and general principles of their relationships expressed.  A theory is a very specific relationship between concepts within the model. The readings for this week go into theories, grand theories, frameworks in detail. We will explore the Metaparadigm of Nursing in a later module.

The end purpose of theory is to guide practice and research.  In order to conduct research, variables are used to statistically compare concepts.  Empirical Indicators are variables that very precisely measure concepts. For example, if your theory states “knowledge as a component of sociocultural orientation basic conditioning factor enhances prevention of hazards”, how will you measure research on this theory?  Empirical indicators specifically relate theory to research questions. In this case, your research may be comparing scores on a child passenger safety questionnaire with the number of errors in the installation of a vehicle child safety restraint. The score on the questionnaire and the number of errors are very clearly measurable indicators.  The proposition is that higher scores on the questionnaire will correlate with fewer errors in restraint installation. If this is found to be true, then there is support for the theory “knowledge as a component of sociocultural orientation basic conditioning factor enhances prevention of hazards”.

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THE TASK:  Identifying a Framework

  • Length: A minimum of 250 words, not including references
  • Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA format from within the last 5 years

Discussion Prompt

Watson’s Caring Theory, a grand theory and conceptual model in nursing, is the underlying framework for United States University College of Nursing’s programs.  Identify a middle-range theory within her conceptual model. Clearly identify how she defines the concepts and propositions between them. Report them to the class using the form “psychosocial development (Concept A) progresses through (Proposition) stages (Concept B)”. Psychosocial development and stages are examples and NOT required for the assignment. Using the readings for the week, discuss why her work is considered a grand theory.